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Objective:To observe any effect of combining vibroacoustic therapy with audio-visual feedback on the swallowing and the emotional state of persons with a swallowing disorder after a brainstem stroke.Methods:Fifty brainstem stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a control group and a combination group, each of 25. In addition to routine swallowing function training, the control group received additional direct feeding training, while the combination group was provided with vibroacoustic feeding training and swallowing stimulation from an animated audio-visual presentation. Before and after the treatment, the subjects′ swallowing function was quantified using the Standard Swallowing Assessment (SSA) scale and the Gugging swallowing screen (GUSS). The Positive and Negative Emotions Scale (PNAS) was used to quantify their emotional state.Results:After the treatment the average SSA scores of both groups had decreased significantly, while the average GUSS and PNAS scores had increased significantly. The average improvements in all three measures were significantly greater in the combination group than in the control group.Conclusion:In addition to routine swallowing function training, feeding training applying vibroacoustics and audio-visual stimulation can significantly improve the feeding function and emotional state of brainstem stroke survivors with dysphagia.
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Objective:To observe any effect of long-distance application of Oral Reading for Language with Aphasia (ORLA) training on patients with post-stroke aphasia.Methods:A total of 42 stroke survivors with aphasia were randomly divided into an inpatient group, and two online groups, each of 14. All three groups had their routine rehabilitation treatment supplemented with ordinary multimodal language therapy and ORLA. The inpatient group completed the routine in the rehabilitation treatment room, while the online groups completed it at home using Tencent video conferencing software. The conventional multimodal language therapy was conducted once daily, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. For the inpatient group and online group 2 the daily session lasted 30 minutes, while for the online 1 groups the daily length was doubled. The ORLA therapy was also conducted once daily, 5 days a week for 4 weeks, for the inpatient group and online group 2 the daily session lasted 1h, while for the online 1 groups the daily length was 30min.The speech function, reading ability and life quality of the three groups were evaluated before and after the intervention using the Western Aphasia Battery, the Chinese Standard Aphasia Examination Scale and the Chinese version of the Stroke Aphasia Quality of Life Scale.Results:After treatment, the average aphasia quotient (AQ), reading, naming and quality of life scores in all three groups had improved significantly compared with those before treatment. And related language ability scores (such as retelling, fluency, information volume, listening comprehension, etc.) had also improved significantly in all three groups. However, the average AQ, reading, and oral fluency scores of the inpatient group and online group 2 were significantly higher than those of online group 1. Significant improvement was also observed in the reading aloud and life quality of all three groups, but the average improvement in reading aloud was significantly greater in the inpatient group and in online group 2 compared to online group 1. The average life quality of the online groups was significantly superior to that of the inpatient group.Conclusion:Medium- and high-intensity ORLA synchronous remote speech rehabilitation can significantly improve the speech ability, reading ability and life quality of aphasic stroke survivors.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of primary catheter malposition (PCM) following totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) implantation via the internal jugular vein (IJV) and management strategies.Methods:Clinical data of 587 consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing TIVAP implantation via the IJV performed by single team at the Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Aug 2017 to Aug 2022 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 593 TIVAP were implanted and PCM was found in 18 cases (3.0%). Four hundred and twenty five TIVAP were implanted via the right IJV with one PCM case (0.2%). One hundred and sixty eight TIVAP implantations were performed via the left IJV and PCM occurred in 17 cases (10.1%). The interventional management with a pigtail catheter was performed as a first-line strategy in 11 of the 18 PCM cases, with a success in 10 cases and failure in one. Three cases were successfully managed with the digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-guided open approach. Four cases underwent blind open procedure firstly and 2 suffered a failure.Conclusions:A higher incidence of PCM is found in TIVAP implantations via the left IJV than the right one. The interventional management with a pigtail catheter or the DSA-guided open procedure proves to be feasible for the correction of PCM.
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The extract rates, multicomponent content and fingerprint were determined in this study to investigate the quality diffe-rence between standard decoction of raw Paeoniae Radix Alba and fried Paeoniae Radix Alba. UPLC fingerprint was established for 17 batches of standard decoction of raw and fried Paeoniae Radix Alba, and the contents of gallic acid, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoyl paeoniflorin were determined. The peak areas of standard decoction were analyzed by the independent t-test and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. There was no significant difference in extract rates between the standard decoction of raw and fried Paeoniae Radix Alba. After fried processing, the content of albiflorin increased by 0.26%, while the contents of gallic acid, catechin, paeoniflorin and benzoyl paeoniflorin decreased by 13.04%, 27.97%, 10.30% and 18.79% respectively. There were 14 common peaks in the fingerprint of standard decoction of raw Paeoniae Radix Alba, and 16 common peaks in the fried Paeoniae Radix Alba. Peak 1 and peak 3 were new ones after processing, among which the peak 3 was 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The results showed that peak 1, peak 3, peak 11 and peak 15 were the key compounds to distinguish standard decoction of raw and fried Paeoniae Radix Alba. In conclusion, this method is stable and can be used for the study of quantity transfer and quality control in the preparation process of standard decoction, granules and other dosage forms for raw and fried Paeoniae Radix Alba, providing reference for the identification of raw and fried Paeoniae Radix Alba and related preparations.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Paeonia , Quality Control , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the changes of school absenteeism among students received Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Student (NIPCES), and to provide basic data for further nutritional health improvement for rural students.@*Methods@#Among 699 NIPCES monitored counties among 22 provinces across western and central China, 10%-30% of elementary and junior high schools were randomly selected as monitoring schools within each stratification according to the food supply pattern (school canteen, company and mix) in each county, school absenteeism information were collected and analyzed from 2012 to 2017.@*Results@#The total rate of student absenteeism was 26.0 per 10 000. From 2012 to 2016, it dropped from 30.8 per 10 000 to 23.4 per 10 000 year by year, but it increased again in 2017(28.2 per 10 000). The rate of school absenteeism in the western region (29.4 per 10 000) was higher than that in the central region (21.5 per 10 000); The sick leave rate (15.0 per 10 000) of primary school students was higher than that of junior high school students (13.4 per 10 000), and the rate of personal leave absences (16.9 per 10 000) of junior high school students was higher than that of elementary school students(9.9 per 10 000); the absentees rate in mixed-food supply schools (28.5 per 10 000) was higher than that in canteen food supply schools(26.4 per 10 000), the latter was higher than that of company food supply schools(25.0 per 10 000). The rate of sick leave absenteeism was highest in December(18.4 per 10 000), and the rate of personal leave absenteeism in June was highest(14.6 per 10 000).@*Conclusion@#The rate of school absenteeism among students in the NIPCES area showed an overall downward trend year by year. The absentee rate of students varies by regions, grade, food supply patterns and school locations.
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Objective@#To analyze the prevalence of stunting among students received subsidies of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for rural Compulsory Education Students (NNIPRCES) during 2012-2017.@*Methods@#By using the data from 2012-2017 NNIPRCES survey, students aged 6-15 with valid height records were included. Stunting was defined according to the Screening Criteria of Malnutrition for School Age Children and Adolescents (WS/T 456—2014). To explore the association of the risk of stunting between different regions, gender or age groups in rural students.@*Results@#The prevalence of stunting among students aged 6-15 who received subsidies of NNIPRCES during 2012-2017 were 8.0%, 7.9%, 6.9%, 6.5%, 6.0% and 5.3%, declined by 2.7, 1.8, 4.0 percentage points in average, as well as in central and western region, respectively. The prevalence of stunting declined with 2.7 percentage points for boys and ,2.9 percentage points for girls. The prevalence of stunting declined most at the age of 13, with 4.0 percentage points.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of stunting of students has declined after the implementation of NNIPRCES from 2012 to 2017. However, the total prevalence of stunting was still high and the development was unbalanced between central and western region, which requires more target intervening strategies to improve the nutritional status of students.
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Objective@#To analyze the usage of catering software and the creation of recipes by schools, as part of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) 2013-2017.@*Methods@#In each county of the 699 trial counties across 22 provinces in central and western area of China under the NNIPRCES, no less than 10% of primary and junior middle schools were randomly selected according to their catering mode (i.e., school feeding, food packages, and family feeding). School questionnaires were used to collect information concerning the schools and the creation of recipes.@*Results@#From 2013 to 2017, the utilization rate of catering software was 11.7%, 8.0%, 17.8%, 16.9%, and 14.0%, respectively with significant differences(χ 2=345.09，P<0.01). The creators of school-meal recipes included schools, the Education Bureau, hospitals and colleges, the centers of disease prevention and control. Differences were observed in the proportion of recipe creators across school type, area, and catering mode, while annual trends also varied (P<0.01), as indicated by the following proportions: 74.9%, 20.0%, 3.7%, 1.3%, respectively. Food safety was identified as the main factor that needs to be considered when creating school recipes, the proportions of which were 58.0%, 78.4%, 70.6%, and 87.4% from 2014 to 2017.@*Conclusion@#From 2013 to 2017, the utilization rate and the frequency of catering software were both relatively low, and recipe creation was in need of professional guidance. It is necessary to strengthen the popularization of catering software and improve the nutritional knowledge and skills of canteen workers to ensure the quality of school meals.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish an overall quality evaluation model for Agrimonia pilosa based on extract and characteristic spectrum，and to provide evidence for comprehensive quality evaluation of the medicinal material and screening of high-quality provenance. METHODS ：Referring to different extraction method and solvent condition stated in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ），using the content and total peak area of HPLC characteristic chromatogram of extract as indexes，and the extraction technology was optimized by weighted comprehensive score. HPLC characteristic spectrum of 15 batches of A. pilosa was established ，and similarity evaluation and characteristic peak identification were performed. SPSS 25.0 software was used to conduct single factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis for the extract content and total peak area of A. pilosa from different origins. The quality of medicinal materials from different origins were compared. Entropy weight TOPSIS method was adopted to evaluate comprehensive quality of A. pilosa using the extract content and total peak area of 15 batches of A. pilosa . RESULTS ：The extraction technology of A. pilosa extract，which was extracted with hot dip plating using 50％ ethanol as solvent ，was optimized. The similarity of 15 batches of A. pilosa was higher than 0.92，and 4 characteristic components were identified（ellagic acid ，quercetin，apigenin，kaempferol）. There were significant differences in average extract content and total peak area of characteristic chromatogram of A. pilosa from different origins （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），and there was a certain positive correlation between them （r＝0.86，P＜0.01）. Results of entropy weight TOPSIS evaluation showed that the average Ci values of A. pilosa in Anhui ，Zhejiang，Sichuan，Henan and Jiangsu provinces were 0.689，0.351，0.218，0.308 and 0.361 respectively. CONCLUSIONS：The quality of A. pilosa from Anhui was the best ，that from Zhejiang and Jiangsu was better ，that from Henan was the second ，and that from Sichuan was poor. Established extraction technology and characteristic spectrum determination method of A. pilosa are stable and feasible. The entropy weight TOPSIS model is objective and quantifiable for comprehensive quality evaluation of A. pilosa ，and can effectively evaluate its quality.
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Objective::To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Buyang Huanwu Tang combined with Sanrentang in treating early diabetic nephropathy(DN)with deficiency of spleen and kidney, damp-heat and blood stasis syndrome and its effect on glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors, in order to explore its mechanism. Method::A total of 72 early DN atients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 36 cases in each group. The control group was orally treated with losartan potassium tablets(50 mg every time, once/day), while the treatment group was treated with modified Buyang Huanwu Tang combined with Sanrentang orally in addition to the therapy of the control group(1 dose/day). Both groups were treated for 3 months. The changes in clinical efficacy and safety indicators were observed for both groups. The 24 h urine albumin excretion rate(UAER), serum creatinine(SCr), serum cystatin C(Cys C), urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione Peroxidase(GSH-Px), interleukin-2(IL-2), interleukin-4(IL-4), interleukin-8(IL-8), interleukin-10(IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)of patients in two groups were observed before and after treatment. Result::The total clinical effective rate was 88.9%in therapy group, which was higher than 61.1%in control group(P<0.05). After treatment, levels of UAER, SCr, Cys C and BUN were lower in both groups(P<0.05), and the levels in treatment group were all lower than those in control group(P<0.05). Levels of FBG, 2 hPG and HbA1c were lower in both groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FBG, 2 hPG and HbA1c levels between two groups after treatment. The levels of HDL-C were higher in both groups(P<0.05), and the levels in treatment group were higher than that in control group(P<0.05). The levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were lower in both groups(P<0.05), and the levels in treatment group were all lower than those in control group(P<0.05). The level of MDA was lower in both groups(P<0.05), and the level in the treatment group was lower than that in control group(P<0.05). The levels of SOD and GSH-Px were higher in both groups(P<0.05), and the levels in the treatment group were all higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Serum levels of IL-2, IL-8 and TNF-α were lower in both groups(P<0.05), and the levels in the treatment group were lower than those in control group(P<0.05). Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were higher in both groups(P<0.05), and the levels in the treatment group was higher than those in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion::Modified Buyang Huanwu Tang combined with Sanrentang is effective and safe in the treatment of early DN with spleen and kidney deficiency, damp-heat and blood stasis syndrome. They can further improve renal function and lipid metabolism, inhibit oxidative stress reaction and regulate the secretion balance of inflammatory factors in early DN patients.
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Objective To analyze the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of the "G"-shaped surgical approach in robotic pancreatoduodenectomy. Methods The clinical data of 17 patients who were undergoing robotic pancreatoduodenectomy at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from June 2017 to March 2018 was analyzed. Results All the 17 robotic pancreatoduodenectomy operations via the "G"-shaped surgical approach were successful. The operationtime was (499 ±146) min (350-825 min), and the blood loss was (119±38) ml (20-500 ml). All surgical margins were negative. All patients recovered well after surgeries, and the postoperative hospital stay was (21 ±6) (14-36 days). However, one patient experienced secondary surgery due to bilioenteric anastomosis fistula, fortunately the surgical process went successfully. This patient had pancreatic leakage (class B) after surgery and was discharged with tubes after a conservative treatment, another patient had gastroplegia and recovered completely after conservative treatment. Conclusion It is a safe and feasible procedure to use the robotic pancreatoduodenectomy with the"G"-shaped surgical approach.
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Alzheimer' s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and complex etiology and pathogenesis. The main pathological changes are the damage of cholinergic neurons and the loss of synapses. Because of advantages of multi-pathway and multi-target intervention, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compound prescriptions have a significant effect in the prevention and treatment of AD. Buyang Huanwu Tang, which is the representative prescription for benefiting Qi and activating blood circulation, has been widely used in cerebrovascular diseases, with significant effects in protecting neurons, repairing blood-brain barrier, reducing permeability, resisting cerebral edema and vascular endothelial cell injury and promoting new angiogenesis and maturation. Due to its powerful therapeutic effect the brain, a large number of scholars have found that Buyang Huanwu Tang has a significant effect in improving cognitive impairment, and different components can improve the therapeutic effect of cognitive impairment through different mechanisms. However, different studies focus on a relatively single mechanism of action, which is not conducive to a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms of action and intervention targets. This article summarizes relevant literatures in recent years for the effect of Buyang Huanwu Tang and its component in reducing beta amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression and beta amyloid protein deposition, inhibiting the central nervous system inflammatory signaling pathways in reducing inflammatory cytokines release factor expression protect neurons, repair, neuron apoptosis blood brain barrier, preventing harmful substances from the central nervous system, improving the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LRP)-1 content, lowering ages receptor (RAGE) beta amyloid protein expression, and increasing peripheral clearance of β amyloid protein, and elaborated the mechanisms in protecting neurons and alleviating learning and cognitive dysfunction, in order to provide strong literature support for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with Buyang Huanwu Tang.
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Objective@#To analyze the height changes among children who had received subsidies of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NNIPRCES) by comparing data from the year of 2012 and 2017.@*Methods@#Among 699 counties where NNIPRCES was implemented, at least 10% of elementary schools and primary middle schools with different food supply modes (school canteen meals, company meals, and mix meals) in the county were selected randomly. Forty students from one or two classes from each grade (grade 1 to grade 9) were randomly selected, to ensure equal proportion of boys and girls in each grade were surveyed, data on height from 1 655 793 students measured in 2012 were compared with 1 419 281 students measured in 2017. Height was measured by metal height pole within 0.1 cm accuracy.@*Results@#From 2012 to 2017, the average increase of height in boys and girls aged 6-15 years was 1.9 and 2.0 cm, respectively. Among them, maximum increment was found in boys at the age of 13 years and in girls at the age of 12 years, respectively, which was 3.0 and 2.8 cm. The average increase in boys from the central and western region was 2.1 and 2.2 cm, respectively, while increase in girls from the central and western region was both 2.2 cm. Compared with the results from 2012, height of boys with the 5th, 50th and 95th height percentiles in 2012 increased by 1.7, 2.0 and 2.1 cm, respectively in 2017, while the increase in girls was 2.1, 2.0 and 2.2 cm, respectively. The average increment of western students with the 5th and 95th height percentiles was higher than those of students from the central region.@*Conclusion@#The average height of students has increased after the implementation of NNIPRCES. However, the development was unbalanced between the central and western region, which requires more targeted intervening strategies to improve the nutritional status of students.
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Dietary fibre (DF) and fluid intakes have been reported elsewhere to reduce the risk of constipation. The association of these dietary components on Agachand’s Constipation Score (CS) was investigated in the present study. Methods: A total of 202 Malaysian participants comprising 50 adolescents (aged 12.4 ± 5.3 yrs), 50 adults (aged 46.3 ± 11.3 yrs), 52 women of childbearing age (aged 29.1 ± 9.3 yrs) and 50 elderly persons (aged 70.0 ± 7.4 yrs) were recruited by convenience sampling from five venues - two communities in Cheras, one community in Klang, the IMU campus, Bukit Jalil and a private secondary school in Klang. All participants were interviewed with a previously-evaluated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and an Agachand’s Constipation Score (CS) Questionnaire.Results: Mean daily DF intakes were low across all age groups with means ranging from 10.0 – 15.6g. The percentage of subjects with daily DF intakes below the “deficient” cut-off of 20g was alarmingly high; 80% in adolescents, 45% in adults, 85% in women of child-bearing age and 70% in the elderly. About onefifth or 20% of subjects in all age groups had CS values ≥15 which indicated a problem of constipation. Mean daily total fluid consumption (TFC) ranged from 2128 – 5490 ml in the four categories of subjects. Overall, both daily DF intakes and TFC were negatively associated with CS values. This inverse association was significant for DF vs CS scores in adolescents (r = -0.500, p = 0.001), adults (r = -0.351, p = 0.013), the elderly (r = -0.392, p = 0.005) and all subjects combined (r = -0.366, p=0.001). For TFC vs CS scores, the inverse association was only significant for the elderly (r = -0.312, p = 0.027) and all subjects combined (r = -0.245, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study support the role of dietary fibre intake and TFC in reducing the risk of constipation, as well as reinforcing previous data for low DF intakes among the Malaysian population.
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Dietary FiberABSTRACT
Objective To know the self-perceived burden (SPB) of young and middle-aged patients with first-attack of ischemic stroke and to analyze the influential factors of SPB as well as its relevance to the quality of life.Methods The patients' general information questionnaire,SPB Self-evaluation Scale,QOL-BREF were adopted to investigate young and middle-aged patients with first-attack of ischemic stroke.Results 100 patients were included,66 were male,34 were female.The Minimum age was 19.4 years old.The maximum age was 59 years old.The mean age was (50.80 ± 7.98) years old.The average SPB score was (24.21 ± 7.39) points,which was in the medium level.31 cases (31％) didn't have obvious SPB; 65 cases (65％) suffered mild-to-moderate SPB; 4 cases (4％) claimed they had severe SPB.There was negative correlation between the SPB and their quality of life.The multi-factor analysis showed that gender,the patients' understanding of disease,and caregivers' health situation were the influential factors of SPB.Conclusions Since self-perceived burden is common in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke,clinical nurses should assess patients' self-perceived burden so as to provide targeted nursing intervention and health education,thereby to ease the burden on patients' self feeling,eventually to improve the level of their mental and physical health.
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The aim of this study is to prepare hyaluronic acid (HA) modified core-shell liponanoparticles (pHA-LCS-NPs) as gene delivery system and investigate its gene transfection efficiency in human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells in vitro. The pHA-LCS-NPs was prepared by firstly hydrating dry lipid film with CS-NPs suspension to get LCS-NPs, then modifying the lipid bilayer with HA by amidation reaction between HA and dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). Its morphology, particle size and zeta potential were investigated. XTT assay was used to evaluate the cell safety of different vectors in vitro. The gene transfection efficiency of pHA-LCS-NPs modified with different contents of HA was investigated in ARPE-19 cells with green fluorescent protein (pEGFP) as the reporter gene. The results showed that the obtained pHA-LCS-NPs exhibited a clear core-shell structure with the average particles size of (214.9 +/- 7.2) nm and zeta potential of (-35 +/- 3.7) mV. The 24 h cumulative release of gene from pHA-LCS-NPs was less than 30%. After 48 h incubation, gene transfection efficiency of pHA-LCS-NPs/pEGFP was 1.81 times and 3.75 times higher than that of CS-NPs/pEGFP and naked pEGFP, respectively. Also no obvious cytotoxicity was observed on pHA-LCS-NPs. It suggested that the pHA-LCS-NPs might be promising non-viral gene delivery systems with high efficiency and low cytotoxicity.
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The aim of this study is to prepare hyaluronic acid (HA) modified core-shell liponanoparticles (pHA-LCS-NPs) as gene delivery system and investigate its gene transfection efficiency in human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells in vitro. The pHA-LCS-NPs was prepared by firstly hydrating dry lipid film with CS-NPs suspension to get LCS-NPs, then modifying the lipid bilayer with HA by amidation reaction between HA and dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). Its morphology, particle size and zeta potential were investigated. XTT assay was used to evaluate the cell safety of different vectors in vitro. The gene transfection efficiency of pHA-LCS-NPs modified with different contents of HA was investigated in ARPE-19 cells with green fluorescent protein (pEGFP) as the reporter gene. The results showed that the obtained pHA-LCS-NPs exhibited a clear core-shell structure with the average particles size of (214.9 +/- 7.2) nm and zeta potential of (-35 +/- 3.7) mV. The 24 h cumulative release of gene from pHA-LCS-NPs was less than 30%. After 48 h incubation, gene transfection efficiency of pHA-LCS-NPs/pEGFP was 1.81 times and 3.75 times higher than that of CS-NPs/pEGFP and naked pEGFP, respectively. Also no obvious cytotoxicity was observed on pHA-LCS-NPs. It suggested that the pHA-LCS-NPs might be promising non-viral gene delivery systems with high efficiency and low cytotoxicity.
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Humans , Cell Survival , Gene Transfer Techniques , Genes, Reporter , Genetic Vectors , Green Fluorescent Proteins , Metabolism , Hyaluronic Acid , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Lipids , Nanoparticles , Particle Size , Phosphatidylethanolamines , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Retinal Pigment Epithelium , TransfectionABSTRACT
Various stem cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs), have been extensively studied in stroke models, but how to increase neuronal differentiation rate of NSCs remains unresolved, particularly in a damaged environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) on the neurogenesis of NSCs with or without oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The NSCs acquired from primary culture were immunostained to prove cell purity. Survival and proliferation of NSCs were determined after the co-culture with CMECs for 7 days. After removing the CMECs, NSCs were randomly divided into two groups as follows: OGD and non-OGD groups. Both groups were maintained in differentiation culture for 4 days to evaluate the differentiation rate. Mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells co-cultured with NSCs served as control group. NSCs co-cultured with CMECs had an increase in size (on the 7th day: 89.80±26.12 μm vs. 73.08±15.01 μm, P<0.001) (n=12) and number [on the 7th day: 6.33±5.61/high power objective (HP) vs. 2.23±1.61/HP, P<0.001] (n=12) as compared with those co-cultured with MEF cells. After further differentiation culture for 4 days, NSCs co-cultured with CMECs had an increase in neuronal differentiation rate in OGD and non-OGD groups, but not in the control group (15.16% and 16.07% vs. 8.81%; both P<0.001) (n=6). This study provided evidence that OGD could not alter the effects of CMECs in promoting the neuronal differentiation potential of NSCs. These findings may have important implications for the development of new cell therapies for cerebral vascular diseases.
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Various stem cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs), have been extensively studied in stroke models, but how to increase neuronal differentiation rate of NSCs remains unresolved, particularly in a damaged environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) on the neurogenesis of NSCs with or without oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The NSCs acquired from primary culture were immunostained to prove cell purity. Survival and proliferation of NSCs were determined after the co-culture with CMECs for 7 days. After removing the CMECs, NSCs were randomly divided into two groups as follows: OGD and non-OGD groups. Both groups were maintained in differentiation culture for 4 days to evaluate the differentiation rate. Mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells co-cultured with NSCs served as control group. NSCs co-cultured with CMECs had an increase in size (on the 7th day: 89.80±26.12 μm vs. 73.08±15.01 μm, P<0.001) (n=12) and number [on the 7th day: 6.33±5.61/high power objective (HP) vs. 2.23±1.61/HP, P<0.001] (n=12) as compared with those co-cultured with MEF cells. After further differentiation culture for 4 days, NSCs co-cultured with CMECs had an increase in neuronal differentiation rate in OGD and non-OGD groups, but not in the control group (15.16% and 16.07% vs. 8.81%; both P<0.001) (n=6). This study provided evidence that OGD could not alter the effects of CMECs in promoting the neuronal differentiation potential of NSCs. These findings may have important implications for the development of new cell therapies for cerebral vascular diseases.
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Animals , Mice , Animals, Newborn , Brain , Cell Differentiation , Physiology , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Coculture Techniques , Methods , Endothelial Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Glucose , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Microvessels , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Neural Stem Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Oxygen , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) has evolved as a treatment of choice for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This study aimed to characterize if pulmonary oligemia maneuver (POM) can alleviate pulmonary artery injury during PTE procedure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 112 cases of CTEPH admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital from March 2002 to August 2011 received PTE procedure. They were retrospectively classified as non-POM group (group A, n = 55) or POM group (group B, n = 57). Members from group B received POM during rewarming period, whereas members from group A did not.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were three (5.45%) early deaths in group A, no death in group B (0) (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.118). Six patients in group A needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as life support after the PTE procedure, no patients in group B needed ECMO (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.013). The patients in group B had a shorter intubation and ICU stay, lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), higher partial pressure of oxygen in artery (PaO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and less medical expenditure than patients in group A. With a mean follow-up time of (58.3 ± 30.6) months, two patients in group A and one patient in group B died. The difference of the actuarial survival after the procedure between the two groups did not reach statistical significance. Three months post the PTE procedure, the difference of residual occluded pulmonary segment between the two groups did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.393).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>POM can alleviate pulmonary artery injury, shorten ICU stay and intubation time, and lower down the rate of ECMO after PTE procedure.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Endarterectomy , Methods , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Pulmonary Artery , Wounds and Injuries , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis has been recognized as a risk factor for early death among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aimed to assess if LMCA lesions pose an additional risk of early or mid-term mortality and/or a major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG), compared with non-left main coronary artery stenosis (non-mainstem disease).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010, 4869 patients had a primary isolated OPCABG procedure at Beijing Anzhen Hospital. According to the pathology of LMCA lesions, they were retrospectively classified as a non-mainstem disease group (n = 3933) or a LMCA group (n = 936). Propensity scores were used to match the two groups, patients from the non-mainstem disease group (n = 831) were also randomly selected to match patients from the LMCA group (n = 831). Freedom from MACCE in the two groups was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The difference in the mortality and the rate of MACCE during the first 30 days between the non-mainstem disease group and the LMCA group did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.429, P = 0.127 respectively). With a mean follow-up of (12.8 ± 7.5) months and a cumulative follow-up of 1769.6 patient-years, the difference in the freedom from MACCEs between the two groups, calculated through Kaplan-Meier method, did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.831).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Analysis of a high volume of OPCABG procedures proved that LMCA lesions do not pose additional early and mid-term risk to OPCABG. Therefore, a LMCA lesion is as safe as non-mainstem disease lesion during the OPCABG procedure.</p>